Where are vortex generators normally mounted on a wing?

• A. At the leading edge.
• B. On the wing tips only.
• C. At the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layer near the point of maximum camber.
• D. On the fuselage.

Answer: (C)

Vortex generators energize the boundary layer by creating small vortices that mix higher-energy air from outside the layer into the near-wall region. This added momentum near the surface helps the boundary layer resist adverse pressure gradients and stay attached to the wing longer, improving lift and delaying separation.

Because the boundary layer is most prone to tripping to turbulence and then separating in the region where laminar flow transitions to turbulent, and where pressure gradients are strongest due to the airfoil’s camber, placing the generators near the transition point around the area of maximum camber makes the most difference. This timing ensures the boundary layer is turbulent before it would separate, keeping the flow attached across a wider range of angles of attack.

They’re not typically used at the wing tips or on the fuselage, since the goal is to control the boundary layer along the wing where lift is produced.